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Since its discovery in I960, the hybridization of somatic cells has evolved from a biological curiosity into an analytical method that today underlies nearly all investigations of the genetic aspects of various biological phenomena. As an eyewitness to this development from its inception forward, Boris Ephrussi here relates the history of somatic hybridization and the formation of its methodology, lie follows with a discussion of the characteristics and properties of the resultant hybrid cells. Together, these topics comprise an authoritative introduction to the principles of the technique.Dr. Ephrussi proceeds to an examination in greater detail of three specific areas of biological research to which the techniques of hybridization are currently being applied with promising consequences. Thus the major part of the book deals with applications of somatic hybridization to mammalian genetics, cell differentiation, and cancer.Originally published in 1972.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Cell hybridization. --- Somatic hybrids. --- Somatic hybrids --- Cell hybridization --- Cytogenetics --- Hybrid Cells --- Genetics --- Cells, Cultured --- Biology --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Biologic Sciences --- Biological Science --- Science, Biological --- Sciences, Biological --- Biological Sciences --- Life Sciences --- Biologic Science --- Biological Science Discipline --- Discipline, Biological Science --- Disciplines, Biological Science --- Life Science --- Science Discipline, Biological --- Science Disciplines, Biological --- Science, Biologic --- Science, Life --- Sciences, Biologic --- Sciences, Life --- Anatomies --- Cell --- Cultured Cells --- Cell, Cultured --- Cultured Cell --- Somatic Cell Hybrids --- Cell Hybrid, Somatic --- Cell Hybrids, Somatic --- Cell, Hybrid --- Cells, Hybrid --- Hybrid Cell --- Hybrid, Somatic Cell --- Hybrids, Somatic Cell --- Somatic Cell Hybrid --- Cytogenetic --- Cell fusion --- Somatic cell hybrids --- Natural Sciences --- Physical Sciences --- Discipline, Natural Science --- Disciplines, Natural Science --- Natural Science --- Natural Science Discipline --- Physical Science --- Science, Natural --- Science, Physical --- Sciences, Natural --- Sciences, Physical --- General embryology. Developmental biology --- Cytogenetics. --- Hybrid Cells. --- Hybridization --- Cell Fusion --- Cytogenetic Analysis --- Chromosome Disorders --- Sex Chromosome Disorders

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This volume provides an overview of (1) the physical and chemical foundations of dating methods and (2) the applications of dating methods in the geological sciences, biology, and archaeology, in almost 200 articles from over 200 international authors. It will serve as the most comprehensive treatise on widely accepted dating methods in the earth sciences and related fields. No other volume has a similar scope, in terms of methods and applications and particularly time range. Dating methods are used to determine the timing and rate of various processes, such as sedimentation (terrestrial and marine), tectonics, volcanism, geomorphological change, cooling rates, crystallization, fluid flow, glaciation, climate change and evolution. The volume includes applications in terrestrial and extraterrestrial settings, the burgeoning field of molecular-clock dating and topics in the intersection of earth sciences with forensics. The content covers a broad range of techniques and applications. All major accepted dating techniques are included, as well as all major datable materials.

Earth Sciences. --- Geochemistry. --- Paleontology. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Forensic Science. --- Environment, general. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Geography. --- Forensic medicine. --- Life sciences. --- Environmental sciences. --- Géographie --- Géochimie --- Paléontologie --- Sciences de la vie --- Sciences de l'environnement --- Dynamic & Structural Geology --- Geology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Geochronometry --- Geological time --- Time measurements --- Time --- Dating of fossils --- Dating of rocks --- Fossils --- Geological chronometry --- Rocks --- Age of rocks --- Geochronology --- Geochrony --- Time, Geological --- Measurement --- Dating --- Age --- Earth sciences. --- Forensic science. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Environment. --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Aerophysics --- Atmospheric sciences --- Physical meteorology --- Geophysics --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Historical geology --- Zoology --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures --- Chemical composition of the earth --- Chemical geology --- Geological chemistry --- Geology, Chemical --- Chemistry --- Earth sciences --- Criminalistics --- Forensic science --- Criminal investigation --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Meteorology, Physical --- Atmospheric science --- Paleontology . --- Environmental science --- Forensic medicine --- Injuries (Law) --- Jurisprudence, Medical --- Legal medicine --- Forensic sciences --- Medicine --- Medical laws and legislation --- Physical measurements --- Vibration --- Clocks and watches --- Chronology --- Sequence stratigraphy --- Atmosphere --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Population biology --- Ecology --- Forensic sciences. --- Atmospheric science. --- Life Sciences. --- Environmental Sciences. --- Atmospheric Science.

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The last 25 years have seen significant advances in our understanding of the mycorrhizal fungi that colonize most of the world’s plants, and the mycorrhizal networks that form and extend into the soil beyond plant roots. In addition to a thorough review of recent research on mycorrhizal networks, this book provides readers with alternative perspectives. The book is organized into three sections: Network Structure, Nutrient Dynamics, and the Mutualism-Parasitism Continuum. Chapter 1 addresses the specificity of ectomycorrhizal symbionts and its role in plant communities, and provides an updated list of terms and definitions. Chapter 2 explores interactions between symbionts in mycorrhizal fungi networks, as well as interactions between fungal individuals. The second section of the book begins with the examination in Chapter 3 of extramatrical mycelium (mycelia beyond the root tips) in ectomycorrhizal fungi, focused on carbon and nitrogen. Chapter 4 reviews the influence of mycorrhizal networks on outcomes of plant competition in arbuscular mycorrhizal plant communities. Chapter 5 discusses nutrient movement between plants through networks with a focus on the magnitude, fate and importance of my corrhiza-derived nutrients in ectomycorrhizal plants. Section 3 opens with a review of research on the role of ectomycorrhizal networks on seedling establishment in a primary successional habitat, in Chapter 6. The focus of Chapter 7 is on facilitation and antagonism in arbuscular mycorrhizal networks. Chapter 8 explores the unique networking dynamic of Alnus, which differs from most ectomycorrhizal plant hosts in forming isolated networks with little direct connections to networks of other host species in a forest. Chapter 9 argues that most experiments have not adequately tested the role of mycorrhizal networks on plant community dynamics, and suggests more tests to rule out alternative hypotheses to carbon movement between plants, especially those that include experimental manipulations of the mycorrhizal networks. Plant ecologists have accumulated a rich body of knowledge regarding nutrient acquisition by plants. The editor proposes that research indicating that mycorrhizal fungi compete for nutrients, which are then delivered to multiple hosts through mycorrhizal networks, represents an important new paradigm for plant ecologists.

Plant Ecology --- Botany --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Mycorrhizas. --- Mycorhiza --- Mycorhizas --- Mycorrhiza --- Mycorrhizae --- Symbiosis --- Roots (Botany) --- Mycorrhizal fungi. --- Life sciences. --- Ecosystems. --- Plant ecology. --- Conservation biology. --- Ecology. --- Forestry. --- Soil science. --- Soil conservation. --- Life Sciences. --- Plant Ecology. --- Soil Science & Conservation. --- Conservation Biology/Ecology. --- Soil fungi --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Forests and forestry. --- Ecology --- Nature conservation --- Forest land --- Forest lands --- Forest planting --- Forest production --- Forest sciences --- Forestation --- Forested lands --- Forestland --- Forestlands --- Forestry --- Forestry industry --- Forestry sciences --- Land, Forest --- Lands, Forest --- Silviculture --- Sylviculture --- Woodlands --- Woods (Forests) --- Agriculture --- Natural resources --- Afforestation --- Arboriculture --- Logging --- Timber --- Tree crops --- Trees --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Conservation of soil --- Erosion control, Soil --- Soil erosion --- Soil erosion control --- Soils --- Agricultural conservation --- Soil management --- Plants --- Control --- Prevention --- Conservation --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Ecology . --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Pedology (Soil science) --- Earth sciences --- Mycorrhizas --- Floristic ecology

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Environmental Mineralogy and Bio-Geochemistry of Arsenic provides a comprehensive understanding of arsenic geochemistry in the near-surface environment. Topics covered include the mineralogy, thermodynamics, geochemistry, analysis, microbiology, and bioavailability of arsenic, with emphasis on implications for arsenic toxicity, geochemistry in natural ground waters, and mine-associated impacts and possible mitigation options. This volume is useful for those seeking to understand arsenic geochemistry and biological interactions in the near-surface environment, Clay Minerals does not use an online manuscript tracking/submission system. as well those working for mining companies, the chemicals industry, NGO's or government bodies concerned with reducing the impact of arsenic on the environment.

Arsenic --- Environmental geochemistry --- Géochimie de l'environnement --- Arsenate minerals --- Arsenates --- Minerals --- Group 15 elements --- Native element minerals --- Nonmetals --- Environmental aspects --- Environmental geochemistry. --- Arsenic. --- Mineralogy. --- Geochemistry. --- Environmental aspects. --- Chemical composition of the earth --- Chemical geology --- Geological chemistry --- Geology, Chemical --- Chemistry --- Earth sciences --- Physical geology --- Crystallography --- Environmental chemistry --- Geochemistry --- Géochimie de l'environnement. --- mineralogy, geochemistry, petrology, vulcanology, material science, mineral physics, material physics.

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This RiMG (Reviews in Mineralogy & Geochemistry) volume includes contributions that review experimental, characterization, and modeling advances in our understanding of pore-scale geochemical processes. The volume had its origins in a special theme session at the 2015 Goldschmidt Conference in Prague. From a diversity of pore-scale topics that ranged from multi-scale characterization to modeling, this work summarizes the state-of-the-science in this subject. Topics include: modification of thermodynamics and kinetics in small pores. chemo-mechanical processes and how they affect porosity evolution in geological media. small angle neutron scattering (SANS) techniques. how isotopic gradients across fluid-mineral boundaries can develop and how these provide insight into pore-scale processes. Information on an important class of models referred to as "pore network" and much more. The material in this book is accessible for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in the earth, material, environmental, hydrological, and biological sciences. The pore scale is readily recognizable to geochemists, and yet in the past it has not received a great deal of attention as a distinct scale or environment that is associated with its own set of questions and challenges. Is the pore scale merely an environment in which smaller scale (molecular) processes aggregate, or are there emergent phenomena unique to this scale? Is it simply a finer-grained version of the "continuum" scale that is addressed in larger-scale models and interpretations? The scale is important because it accounts for the pore architecture within which such diverse processes as multi-mineral reaction networks, microbial community interaction, and transport play out, giving rise to new geochemical behavior that might not be understood or predicted by considering smaller or larger scales alone.

Geochemistry --- Porosity --- Transport theory --- Porous materials --- Mineralogy --- Geophysics --- Minéralogie --- Géophysique --- Porosité --- Mathematical models. --- Mathematical models --- Modèles mathématiques --- Geochemistry. --- Mineralogy. --- Porosity. --- Porous materials. --- Transport theory. --- Géochimie --- Transport, Théorie du --- Matériaux poreux --- Dynamic & Structural Geology --- Materials Science --- Geology --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Porous media --- Materials --- Physical geology --- Crystallography --- Minerals --- Boltzmann transport equation --- Transport phenomena --- Mathematical physics --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Radiation --- Statistical mechanics --- Adsorption --- Osmosis --- Permeability --- Chemical composition of the earth --- Chemical geology --- Geological chemistry --- Geology, Chemical --- Chemistry --- Earth sciences --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics --- Géochimie --- Porosité --- Transport, Théorie du --- Minéralogie --- Matériaux poreux --- Géophysique --- Modèles mathématiques --- Porosité. --- Modèles mathématiques.